This dissertation deals with a reflection on the agricultural activities carried out in a remnant of the Atlantic, in past times, and by considerations about the ethnobotanical surveys conducted through interviews with 17 residents of the neighborhood Vargem Grande, inferences about how knowledge gained from this cultural legacy is scattered among existing farmers and their families. We analyzed the repertoire of cultivated plants with medicinal purposes and utilitarian through ethnobotanical surveys. This neighborhood is located in the Pedra Branca, which houses the State Park of Pedra Branca (PEPB). The creation of PEPB by state law No .2377, dated 28 June 1974, gradually imposed new forms of use and definition of space that clashed with practices traditionally defined by residents. Seeking redemption and a systematization of this knowledge, traditional knowledge that represent the human legacy in the composition of the landscape, exploring the ways in which the local population identifies, uses and values the botanical resources of the study area. The botanical collections were found in the backyards of residents and / or areas of cultivation, according to information from participants. We identified 221 species, 172 genera and 71 botanical families including Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were the ones that stand out and number of species. The categories that stood out in number of species were medicinal (122), food (71), ornamental (34) compared with the condiments (16), ritual (15), animal use (5), used for construction (4 ) and cosmetic (1). The medical category was analyzed in more detail: nine species showed CUPc values greater than 50% indicating a high agreement of primary use of these. The large number of food species (locally grown or not) as well as medicinal reflects a result consistent with the the reality of the social group studied: one group entered in the forest environment relatively far from major shopping centers and large number of members performing proper agricultural practices said.