This work has the objective of analyzing the educational dimension of the Negro Experimental Theater (TEN), one of the Negro Movement entities, founded in 1944, by Abdias do Nascimento, in Rio de Janeiro. This entity´s main goal was to fight racism and request the recognition of a Negro identity, by using theater, alphabetization lessons, and cultural initiation, as educational vehicles of identity construction. In the context of the decades of 1940 and 1950, in which Brazil went through a period of democratic reestablishment, it is noted that the TEN seemed to find fertile grounds to expose its requests. Meanwhile, turning racial matters into something public would generate certain polemic, as the motto of racial democracy was part of the Brazilian society´s imaginary and the mestiço stood as a symbol of Brazilianity. The methodology of this work was based on qualitative research methods. Besides presenting a thorough bibliographical analysis about the theme, a documental analysis was held in the IPEAFRO (Afro- Brasilian Institute of Research and Studies), institution founded in 1980 by Abdias do Nascimento and Elisa Larkin Nascimento, located in Rio de Janeiro. The conclusion was obtained upon the analysis of the educational work carried by theater and the major pedagogical activities in the period between 1944 and 1950, presented in news articles produced by the media in that specific context.