This study explores the historical evolution of female presence in the leadership of drum sections of the Special Group Samba Schools in Rio de Janeiro, as well as the gender dynamics related to female leadership. Although women have played fundamental roles in the development of samba, their presence in leadership positions within the drum sections has historically been overlooked. The theoretical framework is based on the theories of sexual division of labor, intersectionality, the concept of the glass ceiling, and Black feminism. These theories allowed for the analysis of the gender, race, and class barriers that limit women s advancement in this space. The main objective was to understand the challenges and opportunities for women to assume leadership positions in the drum sections. This is a qualitative research developed in three stages: documental research, audiovisual research, and thematic analysis. The triangulation of information between the stages allowed the identification of patterns of exclusion and inclusion. The results showed an increase in the visibility of women in the drum sections, especially in the last decade, with more women assuming leadership positions. However, structural barriers persist, such as gender prejudice and the historical erasure of their contributions. The study emphasizes that promoting a more inclusive environment with gender equity policies is essential to increasing female participation in leadership positions in the drum sections. The research revealed that despite women s competence, structural barriers such as gender prejudice and lack of recognition still limit their access to prominent roles, particularly the position of drum section leader, which remains predominantly male. The study also highlighted the gender dynamics that shape female participation, often relegating women to support roles or instruments deemed as less important. Practical measures, such as gender quotas and antiharassment campaigns, could transform carnival into a more just and equitable space. Finally, the research achieved its objectives by understanding both the challenges and opportunities for women in the drum sections. Future studies may explore the inclusion of Samba Schools from other divisions and further investigate gender performance issues, contributing to greater equity in carnival.