Innovation in the healthcare sector is essential for advancing the quality and efficiency of services, with particular interest in Colombia where the sector seeks continuous improvements. This work aims to investigate the existence of distinct groups of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Colombian healthcare sector based on their innovation strategies and analyzes innovation performance among these groups. Using a quantitative methodology, the study examined microdata from the 2016-2017 Colombian Business Technological Development and Innovation Survey, applying statistical tests such as analysis cluster, MANOVA, and ANOVA, among others. Secondary objectives included a literature review to identify key variables, explore the presence of distinct categories of innovation strategies, and examine discrepancies in innovation performance. Contrary to expectations, the results did not indicate statistically significant differences in innovation performance among the groups. This finding suggests the need for a more in-depth investigation into how innovation strategies are implemented and perceived in the sector. This work contributes to the understanding of innovation dynamics in the Colombian healthcare sector, highlighting the importance of diversified strategic approaches and the integration of internal and external innovations. The conclusions point to future research that can explore the relationships between innovation and performance, as well as adaptable strategies to overcome resource limitations, aiming at the sustainable development of the sector.