Currently, topics such as climate change and natural disasters have been a central topic in urban debates. In this sense, the general objective of the work was determined to investigate the processes relating to the distribution of risk and socio-environmental vulnerability within the municipal limit of Três Rios-RJ. The choice of this municipality as a case study is justified by the high frequency with which episodes of flooding, floods and floods, during periods of intense rain, have ravaged the region. For the proposed investigation, the methodology used consisted of understanding the risk formation process as a point of intersection between the concepts of geosystem and socio-spatial formation, which implied a systematic review of bibliographies related to the themes and official documents such as master plans municipalities. This investigation was based both on data obtained primarily, through fieldwork to carry out analyzes of the geomorphological landscape and semi-structured interviews with the population, and secondary, obtained from the census of IBGE (2010), INMET, Mapbiomas and others. The research showed that the risk is socially produced and when dealing with floods, floods and floods in the urban fabric, the unequal production of space plays a leading role. In this sense, the phenomena of urbanization stand out, the development of the municipality without adequate planning, real estate speculation plus a process of peripheralization/slumization of the working class, which have economic, social and environmental impacts on the population. Furthermore, the interviews showed that the municipal government still has a lot to do with regard to the macro processes that involve risk management, showing that the municipality needs to focus on basic policies that act at the root of the problem.