This study aims mainly at analyzing the conceptions of social workers about human rights based on the principles on which they are founded in the Social Work Code of Ethics and the Brazilian Statute for Children and Adolescents. Intending to achieve this objective, I carried out and extensive bibliographical research about the categories of study and analyzed some normative documents about the profession and about the children and adolescents` rights. As approach method, I also used qualitative research and semi-structured interview technique, which was guided by a script containing open ended questions, addressed to social professionals working in children and adolescents institutions in Espírito Santo. The theoretical basis adopted was the critical-dialectic method, which allowed analyzing human rights and as a contradict and social class struggle process. Through class struggle in several historical moments, the working class advanced towards inserting collective rights into the law. However, the control of the State is in the hands of those who need to expand capital therefore, rights are not fully materialized. From this study, I point out that these professional should be clearly critical about the fundaments and functionality of the posed reality, allowing thus, observing more clearly the non exercise of children and adolescents` rights, and also advance, together with the working class general struggle, towards the materialization of the Code of Ethics, for a fairer society.