This study aims at analyzing the changes and meanings of the Brazil`s Family Fund Program (PBF) in the reality of families being assisted by CRASCentro de Referência de Assistência Social (Social Assistance Reference Center). PBF is currently the country`s largest socio-assistance program, assisting about 11,1 million Brazilian families (2008). Reason of several questions and debates about its merely clientelistic or assistential characteristic or its role as economic booster to the poorest sectors in the Brazil, this program has been pointed out as great support and political legitimacy from the federal and state governments, even though it is an income transfer policy with irrelevant amounts concerning the needs of the assisted families. Due to the controversy this program has raised, we considered this study extremely important, especially because of its highly selective level, focused on the the most vulnerable segments opposing the universal principles of the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Organic Law of Social Assistance (LOAS/1993). The study was carried out at CRAS Novo Horizonte, Cariacica, Espírito Santo (ES). Seventy-seven (77) Federal Record files (CadÚnico) of the assisted families were used. Also, 16 semi-structured interviews were carried out through home visits, in order to observe the reality of the assisted family. It can be asserted that the PBF is an essential program to those living in poor or extremely poor conditions, even though it needs to be more articulated to health and education policies, as well as other public policies, especially the Income and Work Generation Program, in order to overcome its focalized feature and promote effective changes in the reality of the families it assists.