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Título: MATHEMATICAL MODELLING TO PREDICT EXCLUSION AND SAFETY ZONES AROUND LNG TERMINALS
Instituição: ---
Autor(es): ALAN SILVA ESTEVES
JOSE ALBERTO DOS REIS PARISE
ANTONIO SILVA CORDOVIL
EDWIN RONALD VALDERRAMA CAMPOS
Colaborador(es): ---
Catalogação: 22 11:10:20.000000/12/2017
Tipo: PAPER Idioma(s): ENGLISH - UNITED STATES
Referência [pt]: https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/eletricaonline/serieConsulta.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32431@1
Referência [en]: https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/eletricaonline/serieConsulta.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32431@2
Resumo:
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (NG) cooled to the point where it liquefies, which takes place at -162 degrees Celsius at atmospheric pressure. The liquefaction reduces the volume of the gas approximately 600 times, depending on the molar mass of the gas (which is typically a mixture of gases). This process is often the most economical way to store and transport gas over long distances - gas pipelines are more feasible for shorter distances. Liquefaction makes it possible to move NG among continents in dedicated vessels (carriers) built specially for this purpose. To make this possible, energy organizations have built highly interconnected and dependent operations, forming the so-called value chain (or chain-of-supply). In this chain, the associated gas produced in offshore fields up to 200-250 km from the coast, goes to a separation from the oil and water in a rig or FPSO unit. In that unit, the hydrates eventually formed are withdrawn from the gas, which is then dried, compressed and typically piped to facility on the coast. In an onshore NGPU the gas is processed primarily to separate heavier fractions (C2+) and liquefied in another facility usually on the same site, called baseload plant. There, the liquefied gas is stored usually in atmospheric and cryogenic dome tanks. If the field is of non-associated gas, and distant 200-250 km or more from the shore, the gas is processed offshore in FLNG vessels, stored in the LNG tanks of this floating unit and offloaded to a carrier-docked ship-to-ship, in tandem by means of cryogenic hoses or cryogenic booms (boom loading system). The LNG industry has operated with an excellent safety record. However, LNG stakeholders recognize that some incidents involving LNG are possible, including potential terrorist actions. Despite of all the efforts/resources applied to make this industry a record maker in safety/security matters; it is still possible to have accidents with dangerous outcomes. The objective of this work is to provide a tool to help reduce subjectivism in the decision making process regarding the location of LNG terminals. Exhaustive research throughout six decades in the open literature showed no evidence that all relevant issues had been incorporated and integrated into a one single model. Giving a step ahead in this direction, the present work starts at and expands from previous results found in the literature, which connected pool spread to pool fire modellings.
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