This study aims to analyze which motivations leads an adoption process to culminate in the return of the adopted children and what are the appropriate measures to prevent its occurrence. The adoption, which is a judicial measure for the child´s placement in a foster family and solution for the abandonment suffered by them, is not always carried out successfully. When the adoption between the parties does not happen, the applicants eventually return the child, resulting in a second abandonment experienced by children or adolescents. There are few studies on the topic, but they show the difficulties faced by adults when comparing the child idealized by them to the real child.