This thesis examines environmental racism in the context of the right to water in Brazil, focusing on the historical and structural exclusion of traditionally marginalized communities: the favelas. From a legal philosophical approach, the study highlights the importance of guaranteeing the recognition and protection of fundamental rights in favelas, understanding access to water as a common good, essential to human dignity and socio-environmental justice. The research problematizes the normative and epistemic bases that sustain the invisibilization and denial of rights in the context of water scarcity and state omission. The study concludes by offering a critical analysis of how to promote the inclusion and empowerment of these groups within the scope of public policies.