The objective of the monograph is to analyze the relationship between Companhia Vale do Rio Doce and China, in a context of the growing importance of the companies in the international system, highlighting the opportunities that the growth of China presents and will present to Vales global performance strategy, and the challenges that the Chinese expansion represents, concerning both the domestic fragilities and the government strategy of encouraging its mining industry domestically and throughout the world. Vales strategies to take advantage of these opportunities and to overcome the challenges that the Asian country represents will also be analyzed. From a perspective of international relation and political economy, the research is justified by its importance to offer an empirical and theoretical systematization of how a Brazilian company develops its global performance strategies to deal with the fastest growing state of our times.