This paper studies the impacts of economic shocks on birth outcomes and infant mortality (deaths up to 1 year old) by exploiting the Chinese export and import boom effects on Brazilian local labor markets. By using an IV approach, I found the causal effect of the exposure of a Brazilian micro-region to the Chinese Boom on infant health. Positive economic shocks moved by exports to China are associated with higher newborns weight and lower share of births with low weight (less than 2500 g), very low weight (1500 g) and extremely low weight (1000 g). Negative economic shocks moved by competition from imports from China reduces gestational length, increasing the share of extremely premature births (less than 28 weeks), and contribute to higher mortality rates caused by infectious diseases, unknown motives and by malnutrition. These results are particularly robust, except for mortality variables. This paper also explores possible mechanisms: positive economic shocks seem to contribute to the share of births belonging to higher-educated mothers, while negative ones cause higher share of lower-educated mothers and reduced antenatal visits. Labor market channels are considered, but they seem to be relevant only for explaining variation in extremely premature births.