This paper considers socio-environmental responsibility and sustainability and the application of these concepts to corporate management, such as environmental social responsibility, private social action, and ESG, seeking to analyze and understand how a company actually stands and deploys these concepts and management tools. To that end, a number of concepts were reviewed: socio-environmental responsibility, sustainability, greenwashing, and private social action, among others. Then, the application of those concepts were analyzed in the practices of Vale mining company, in order to understand how their relationship to sustainability works and what their main motives are to remedy past socio-environmental damage wreaked. Lastly, that analysis yielded proposals for improvement for that company, looking for a path leading to a more sustainable and responsible corporate world that could also offer guidance for internal and external governance of socio-environmental responsibility at other corporations.This paper considers socio-environmental responsibility and sustainability and the application of these concepts to corporate management, such as environmental social responsibility, private social action, and ESG, seeking to analyze and understand how a company actually stands and deploys these concepts and management tools. To that end, a number of concepts were reviewed: socio-environmental responsibility, sustainability, greenwashing, and private social action, among others. Then, the application of those concepts were analyzed in the practices of Vale mining company, in order to understand how their relationship to sustainability works and what their main motives are to remedy past socio-environmental damage wreaked. Lastly, that analysis yielded proposals for improvement for that company, looking for a path leading to a more sustainable and responsible corporate world that could also offer guidance for internal and external governance of socio-environmental responsibility at other corporations.