The knowledge of thermal properties of soils is of great relevance in many engineering projects where the transference of heat in soils occurs, such as: projects of highways, oil, water and gas pipeways, electric cables embedded in the ground and application of techniques for remediation of contaminated soil. The propagation of heat in the ground is governed by its thermal properties and these properties should be determined by laboratory tests. This Dissertation has as main objective the evaluation of the influence of mineralogy, voids ratio and water content in thermal soil properties. The main thermal properties of soils are thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity, thermal difusivity and specific heat. Soil conductivity and difusivity were obtained experimentally, while the specific heat of soil and specific heat of solids were obtained through equations proposed in the currente literature. The soils used comprised mixtures in different ratios of clayey and sandy materials employing different ratios of commercially found Kaolin, Bentonite and Quartz pellets, forming nine different soils. The prepared soils were characterized in their physical, chemical and mineralogical aspects. For the determination of the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity it was employed the methodology of insertion of a thermal needle in the soils. Both vibration and static compaction techniques were used in the preparation of the soil samples to be tested. It was observed that the thermal parameters are dependent on the water content, voids ratio and mineralogy of the soil in different and, eventually, opposite ways.