This thesis approaches the evolution of the Brazilian railroad mesh and the impact of this modal of transportation to an important company in the supplies of Diesel and Gasoline to the Bases of Distribution located in the South of Brazil. The relevance of this study is justified due to the approval of Law 9.478 - Law of the Oil - that broke the monopoly of Petrobras in this sector, transferring to oil companies the spatial and volumetric management of their oil inventories. On the other hand, the study contributes for the knowledge of the incipient Brazilian railroad mesh, privatized in 1996, and becoming increasingly important giving the necessity of adding value, efficiency and security to the fuel transportation. The objective of the present study is the evolution of railroad mesh and the impact of this transportation modal on Gasoline and Diesel safety stocks handled by an important oil company and its relationship to the costs of transportation related to the risks and unpunctuality still prevailing in the railroad system.