This dissertation considers a reflective look on theoretical and artistic-literary aspects related to the interpretation of the concept of identity in artists and writers productions from anglophone and lusophone African countries, like Nigéria and Angola, and from Brasil. The study of Wole Soyinka`s autobiographical book, of Pepetela`s (Arthur Pestana`s nickname) historical novel, of part of Glauber Rocha`s correspondence and two films and, finally, of Abdias do Nascimento`s play (Sortilégio), depositions and a newspaper (Quilombo), composed the corpus that made possible the perception of the process of identity construction throughout art and literature. By the agency of the conjunctions between theory and art, Africa and Brazil and among continental, national, group and individual identities, the proposal of interpretation for the term identity (and its implications) was forged keeping in mind the complex structure of the colonial, neocolonial and postcolonial reality and with reference to the cultural dimensions related to the cited countries.