This dissertation seeks to analyze how Evolutionism has been evoked by authors from the environmental humanities interested in the notion of Gaia, which names the scientific theory elaborated by James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis, such as Bruno Latour, Donna Haraway, Anna Tsing and Isabelle Stengers. Based on the arguments presented by Latour in the third chapter of his book Facing Gaia (2020), this paper discusses the role of concepts such as symbiosis and natural selection in outlining an interpretation of Gaia that demonstrates how this notion differs from the idea of Nature that we have inherited from European modernity. In addition, based on the writings of Stephen Jay Gould (1989; 1990), Donna Haraway (2016) and Isabelle Stengers (2002), the dissertation investigated the reasons that led Latour to propose a rapprochement between Evolutionism and the field of narratives, claiming a non-finalist reading of Darwinian theory. Finally, the work analyzes the reference models that guide the different readings of Evolutionism and the different conclusions that can be drawn from them.