This research, based on the historical, social and economic aspects and exegetical analysis of Amos 5:1-17, aims to understand the social critique of the book of Amos, focusing on the fundamental terms: sedaqah and mispat . In the 8th century, the Ancient Near East enjoyed a period of political stability and an absence of major wars. King Jeroboam II enjoyed this scenario and expanded Israel s borders. During his rule, the sale of horses, the production of wine and olive oil led to prosperous economic development. However, not all Israelites benefited from this progress. In this context, Amos raises his voice and develops his social critique, denouncing the violation of justice and righteousness. Through a funeral lament (Am 5:1-17), the prophet calls on the Israelites to seek good and hate evil, building a society based on law and justice.