This thesis examines the critique of Christendom in Leo Tolstoy s thought, emphasizing the intersection between Christian faith and ethical-political dynamics. Tolstoy s works are analyzed through the lens of an existential anthropology that contemplates the human condition in its search for meaning, highlighting the socio-existential contradictions that permeate this experience. In this regard, we identify the principle of non-resistance to evil—inseparably linked to the metaphysics of love—as the hermeneutical key to understanding Christian teaching as a practical doctrine of life. Tolstoyan thought is not associated with the defense of passivity in the face of evil; on the contrary, what is at stake is the affirmation of an existential type that translates into a radically libertarian ethics. Thus, the reflection on the nature of power and its manifestations in modern society reveals Tolstoy s sharp critique of the symbiosis between Church and State, which distorts the essence of Christian teaching and perpetuates oppressive structures. In questioning how this occurs, Tolstoy elucidates how the discourses generated by these institutions obscure moral consciousness, that is, they tend to normalize individual subjectivity, establishing a resignation to servitude—not as a mere cultural paradox but as a socio-existential contradiction. This investigation unfolds in a context where the critique of institutions and the legitimization of violence as a divine ordinance strengthens the argument for the necessity of a moral reassessment of society. Tolstoy proposes an ethical emancipation of individual consciousness, grounded in the idea of interdependence as an axiological imperative, which challenges the premises of coercive power and calls humanity to transcend antagonisms. This study, therefore, not only sheds light on the contradictions of Christian thought in relation to power structures but also invites reflection on moral responsibility in the construction of a meaningful social life, founded on the ethics of non-violence.