The study evaluated the improvement in air quality following the replacement of traditional firewood stoves with an eco-efficient model. Monitoring was conducted in two phases: in July 2022, during the use of traditional stoves, and in July 2023, with eco-efficient stoves, both in the Calolé quilombola community, Cachoeira, BA. As a comparison, households using LPG stoves in São Gonçalo were also analyzed. Real-time sensors measured pollutants such as Particulate matter (PM(2.5) and PM(10),), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and Formaldehyde (HCHO), along with temperature and humidity, with additional PM(2.5) samples collected using an exposure pump. Particulate matter showed the greatest variation among the fuels. The shift to eco-efficient stoves significantly reduced pollutant loads in the monitored kitchens: PM(2.5) decreased from 138 more or less 216 microg m(-3) to 45 more or less 154 microg m(-3), and PM(10) from 202 more or less 287 microg m(-3) to 59 more or less 191 microg m(-3). Reductions in CO2 (from 477 more or less 62 ppm to 443 more or less 34 ppm) and HCHO (from 0.004 more or less 0.004 mg m(-3) to 0.006 more or less 0.002 mg m(-3)) were also observed. Chemical analysis of the collected particulate matter indicated the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Firewood consumption decreased by 52 percent following the stove replacement. The average concentrations for LPG stoves were even lower: 11.6 more or less 29 microg m(-3) for PM(2.5), 18 more or less 41 microg m(-3) for PM(10), 506 more or less 125 ppm for CO₂, and 0.013 more or less 0.01 mg m(-3) for HCHO.