This study explores the Developmental Language Disorder (DLD), characterizing its manifestations across various linguistic subdomains and reviewing current research in different languages. The primary focus is on the impact of DLD on syntactic structures, particularly those involving long-distance dependencies. This is analyzed based on a model of real-time syntactic processing in a psycholinguistic framework that embraces a minimalist view of language. For DLD screening, 49 schoolchildren (6-12 years old) without prior diagnosis underwent testing using the syntactic module of the MABILIN battery (Language Skills Assessment Modules) and the Sentence Repetition Task (TRS) proposed here. 34.6 percent of students were at risk, according to MABILIN I results. Children with atypical performance on MABILIN tend to exhibit multiple syntactic alterations in the TRS, suggesting that this test is instrumental for screening and diagnosing DLD. 18 children diagnosed with DLD were included in the study, who were subjected to the same instruments, in order to investigate the sensitivity of the TRS in detecting risks for DLD. The number of morphological alterations was associated with the severity of DLD. In terms of clinical monitoring, the study examines whether interventions targeting complex sentences can enhance the linguistic abilities of children with DLD. A longitudinal study with 6 out of 18 patients with DLD used the MABILIN syntactic module as a guide for intervention. It is argued that, integrating the TRS with the MABILIN battery can contribute to the diagnosis of DLD and that interventions targeting costly sentences are potentially useful for promoting improvement in the linguistic performance of children with DLD.