The present master s thesis aims to analyze the conservatism that stands as a counter-hegemonic movement to that established in the hegemonic Ethical-Political Project of Brazilian Social Work in contemporary times. It seeks to present the contributions of Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) to the hegemony project; understand the process of Social Work breaking with conservatism indicated by its approach to Marxism; and understand whether or not conservatism puts the hegemony of the Social Work Ethical-Political Project in check in the current situation. The guiding question of this research is that the advancement of conservatism in the contemporary scenario challenges the ideopolitical bases of the hegemonic Ethical Political Project of Social Work. Bearing in mind that Social Work is created in a very conservative situation and, today, this conservatism is being updated and strengthened by some societal determinations, it is necessary to reflect on the bases of this conservatism and, at the same time, on the forms of confronting this by the profession. The study is guided by the critical-dialectic method, considering that it allows capturing the totality of phenomena, and by bibliographical research. As a data source, we chose the proceedings of the Brazilian Congress of Social Workers (CBAS), in the 2016, 2019 and 2022 editions, respectively. The choice of these editions of the CBAS annals was due to our understanding that such periods represent the moment of renewed conservatism in Brazil, especially considering the growth of the extreme right. And because we understand that CBAS is a space where social workers present reflections on their work in different socio occupational spaces. The studies carried out reveal the advancement of conservative agendas in contemporary times, as well as the struggle and resistance of Social Work in favor of an emancipated society free from all forms of exploitation and oppression.