The calibration procedures of piezoelectric transducers, addressed by the normative basis of small arms ammunition testing, lack crucial details to ensure metrological reliability in the transient pressure measurements of these small arms munitions. In view of this fact, it is up to the laboratories, as a requirement for accreditation according to ISO/IEC 17025:2017 standard, to prove the effectiveness of the methods used, especially in calibrations, which motivated the study. The methodological approach was based on bibliographic, documentary, experimental and laboratory research, aiming at data collection according to the stages of evaluation of calibration methods. Initially, the evaluation of calibration certificates of piezoelectric transducers was carried out, studying, above all, the characteristics of the linear regression adopted by the normative basis in the calibration procedures. At this stage, the research proposed the adoption of fit uncertainty as the main parameter for the evaluation of piezoelectric transducers, showing their feasibility in relation to linearity error. Then, the characterization and modeling of the transient pressure measurement chain, composed of a piezoelectric transducer and a charge amplifier, was performed. The modeling allowed the simulation of different calibration methodologies, resulting in the prediction of errors, and providing the evaluation of the influence of the charge amplifier on transient pressure measurements. Finally, two different calibration methodologies were compared, highlighting the importance of automated calibration systems for greater metrological reliability.