The Society has been using natural resources for the production of goods and services, aiming to meet its needs and well-being. Businesses play an important role in meeting these needs on a large scale and, in doing so, positively and negatively impact the ecosystems where they operate, increasing pressure on planetary boundaries and socio-environmental aspects. There is an emerging perception that the solution to society s major challenges involves including sustainability aspects in the political agenda, in business and in basic education, seeking to balance meeting human needs, biodiversity and natural resources, considering present and future generations. This research presents elements that demonstrate the importance and benefits of Corporate Sustainability for companies and society. Sector surveys indicate that companies recognize this importance, but also conclude that a relevant part of them has not yet integrated ESG aspects into their corporate governance. Faced with greater involvement by consumers, employees, activists, investors and regulators, boards of directors are challenged to act as guardians of sustainability and leaders in the implementation of socio-environmental aspects in the companies they manage. In this sense, the objective of the research is to identify what are the challenges of the Boards of Directors for the incorporation of ESG aspects. Through bibliographical and field research, considering interviews with directors of large companies in the Brazilian Electricity Sector, including chairmen and members of Sustainability committees, it was possible to identify the 10 biggest challenges, as well as recommendations that can support the boards in overcoming them.