The prevention and treatment of over-indebtedness became part of the Brazilian legal system after the enactment of Law No. 14,181/2021, which amended the Consumer Defense Code (CDC) to address the matter. The definition and protection of the existential minimum brought in the text of the Law are a central point and worthy of attention, especially due to the lack of regulation that observes constitutional precepts and allows the applicability of the new provisions in the consumer code. In this sense, the patrimonial responsibility of the over-indebted consumer, taking the Civil-Constitutional Law into consideration, must occur to the extent that it preserves minimum patrimonial resources for a dignified subsistence of its holder, thus fulfilling the constitutional foundation of promotion of the human person.