Thanks to significant advances in rendering techniques and increased computational power, the path tracing algorithm, also called Monte Carlo ray tracing, has become the predominant rendering method used in fields that prioritize realism, such as in film production and photorealistic visualization of medical exames. This algorithm accurately simulates the behavior of light, making it possible to simulate some lighting effects, such as soft shadows, glossy reflections and indirect lighting. This dissertation deals with the problem of photorealistic rendering of scenes involving both surfaces and volumes. It has as contribution the presentation and explanation of the main methods that can be used in the development of the path tracing algorithm, besides having as a final product the implementation of this algorithm resulting from a framework that renders hybrid scenes that may involve surfaces and volumes.