This dissertation addresses traditional knowledge of Indigenous People from different locations in Portuguese America. We will seek, in the light of history and from activities at school, to emphasize the contribution of Indigenous knowledge to Western science, considering as theoretical dialogue the studies of Manuela Carneiro da Cunha. We will analyze the complex current demand in relation to teaching the history of Indigenous People. Thus, we observe how they are represented in History Textbooks, especially Editora Moderna (2018) and the proposal of the integrated collection Moderna Plus (2020) by area of knowledge: Applied Human and Social Sciences. Such works are aimed at high school students. We aim to analyze how the theme has been represented after the implementation of Law 11.645/08 and the repercussions in view of the criteria determined by Law 13.415 and the New National Curriculum Base (BNCC). We reflect that the historical documents, images and activities used in the evaluated teaching materials (mainly the 2020 collection) bring proposals that can be contextualized with the help of teachers and through dialogue about local history. Finally, as a product of this dissertation, we propose activities to deepen and reflect on the various narratives of Indigenous People in Brazil.