On February 7, 2009, Bolivia promulgated a new Constitution. The text, the result of a long constituent process, lasting approximately four years, re-founded the country from a plurinational concept, with respect to native peoples, workers, nature, solidarity and ancestral philosophies. In it, the right to self-determination of originay indigenous peoples was established, to be materialized, among other means, by indigenous originary peasant autonomy. However, the union around the common objective of the decolonization of the country was not enough to eradicate the contradictions of Bolivia, fruit of the maintenance of structures of colonialism in the social relations and between societies, reason why the realization of the constitutionally recognized rights has operated in slow steps and faced challenges from both government and opposition sectors. For this reason, the present work aims to analyze if, and in what way, the indigenous originary peasant autonomy has been implemented in Bolivia, more than a decade after the promulgation of the constitutional text, through the case study of originaru nation Uru Chipaya s acquisition process of indigenous originary peasant autonomy, identifying possible obstacles and difficulties to the materialization of the right to self-determination and the Plurinational State.