Biomass residues are of great interest because they are raw materials for the generation of renewable energy. In this work, the processes of thermal conversion of slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization were studied using the residues of sugarcane bagasse, malt bagasse and green coconut shell. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the reactions were determined experimentally by calculating the activation energy, frequency factor, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of the activated complex. Pyrolysis was evaluated using thermogravimetry in an inert atmosphere, from a room temperature up to 1,000 Celsius and applying different heating rates. Hydrothermal carbonization was carried out in a Parr autoclave type 452HC2 reactor, at different temperatures and times of operation. Kinetic models of pyrolysis for Model-free methods, called Kissinger, Flynn-WallOzawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Model-fitting, entitled Coats-Redfern, were investigated. For the KAS, FWO and Coats-Redfern models, 19 types of reaction mechanisms were analyzed and their determination coefficients (R2) were evaluated. Sugarcane bagasse was adjusted to the Kissinger method (R2 equal to 0.9973) and Coats-Redfern, however the FWO and KAS methods are not suitable for this material. The tests with malt bagasse and coconut fiber were adjusted to all applied methods, showing high R2 values (0.9 to 0.9999). The model for the kinetics of hydrothermal carbonization was applied, where the three biomasses presented the order varying from 3 to 3.49, a value compatible with the literature. In addition, physical-chemical characterizations were carried out for the biomass residues and biochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization, including elementary and immediate analysis, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, apparent density, pH, conductivity and calorific value.