Wax deposition in petroleum production and transportation lines is one of the most relevant problems faced by the industry in order to assure the flow of oil and gas at the designed economical rates. Significant losses occur due to decreased production, line replacements and maintenance costs associated with cleaning operations. Wax deposit formation on the inner wall of the pipes might occur when the warm oil from the well loses heat to the cold environment, typical of deep water production operations, and its temperature reaches a critical value at which wax crystal formation occurs. This critical temperature is the WAT, wax appearance temperature. The prediction of wax deposit formation by simulation models is of fundamental importance for the proper design and operation of petroleum lines. Several wax deposition models have been developed and employed over the years, incorporating different wax deposition mechanisms. In the present work, the wax deposition phenomenon was studied employing a model fluid flowing through an annular test section, built to offer simple and well-defined boundary and initial conditions for the deposition process. Optical access to the interior of the test section allowed for the registration of images of the wax deposit formation. A miniature temperature probe was designed and employed to obtain original information on the temperature profiles within the deposit as it was formed. Also, the probe registered the transient evolution of the deposit interface temperature for different flow rates and cooling rates. The transient formation of a cloud of wax crystals over the deposit interface and carried by the flow was registered by a high frame rate camera. The temperature within this cloud was measured by the temperature probe. The results have shown that the deposit interface temperature evolves from a value equal to the WAT of the fluid measured by microscopy, rapidly reaching a constant value which is intermediate between the WAT and the solution thermodynamic phase change temperature. This information contradicts one of the key assumptions included in the molecular diffusion deposition mechanism, and widely employed in academic and industrial simulation models. Wax deposition in petroleum production and transportation lines is one of the most relevant problems faced by the industry in order to assure the flow of oil and gas at the designed economical rates. Significant losses occur due to decreased production, line replacements and maintenance costs associated with cleaning operations. Wax deposit formation on the inner wall of the pipes might occur when the warm oil from the well loses heat to the cold environment, typical of deep water production operations, and its temperature reaches a critical value at which wax crystal formation occurs. This critical temperature is the WAT, wax appearance temperature. The prediction of wax deposit formation by simulation models is of fundamental importance for the proper design and operation of petroleum lines. Several wax deposition models have been developed and employed over the years, incorporating different wax deposition mechanisms. In the present work, the wax deposition phenomenon was studied employing a model fluid flowing through an annular test section, built to offer simple and well-defined boundary and initial conditions for the deposition process. Optical access to the interior of the test section allowed for the registration of images of the wax deposit formation. A miniature temperature probe was designed and employed to obtain original information on the temperature profiles within the deposit as it was formed. Also, the probe registered the transient evolution of the deposit interface temperature for different flow rates and cooling rates. The transient formation of a cloud of wax crystals over the deposit interface and carried by the flow was registered by a high frame rate camera. The temperature within this cloud was measured by the temperature probe. The results have shown that the deposit interface temperature evolves from a value equal to the WAT of the fluid measured by microscopy, rapidly reaching a constant value which is intermediate between the WAT and the solution thermodynamic phase change temperature. This information contradicts one of the key assumptions included in the molecular diffusion deposition mechanism, and widely employed in academic and industrial simulation models.