The paper identified and assessed methods to quantify and model congestion, emissions of pollutants and exposure through literature reviews, interviews and estimations. Focus was placed on studies by Toledo. (2011), and Linton et.al, (2015), models like COPERT and MOVES (USEPA) and on methodologies like the IPCC guidelines, which can be modified and applied to Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Molynes Road in Kingston, Jamaica and the Lagoa-Barra Highway to Zuzu Angel Tunnel complex in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, were compared to assess congestion and emissions. Total emissions of CO2 and CO2 per passengers, were calculated for Jamaica under three assumed scenarios, at emission totals of 2.62x109 kg of CO2 (gasoline) and 3.09 x10(9) kg of CO2 (diesel), based on data extrapolations and work by Abbas. (2014). Time lost as a result of congestion, expressed as USD/hr was calculated for both thoroughfares under four speed scenarios and utilising the free-flow form of the thoroughfares for comparison. As expected, results indicated higher incurred costs with reduced travelling speeds (-731.7 USD/hr for Molynes Road and -1,131.2 USD/hr for the Lagoa-Barra Highway into the Zuzu Angel Tunnel Complex at 10km/hr). Interviews were conducted with operators of the transportation sector, including informal actors; social repercussions of urban transportation policies were discussed and social costs were calculated and described. Critiques and calculations allowed for the identification of weaknesses within the transportation sector and provided the basis for predictions and recommendations to be made.