The present work is a contribution to the analysis in the Communication on the concepts of narrative, reports and discourse in documentary films, in order to, through a transdisciplinary study, analyze the construction of the identities of individuals and the rules for the social visibility of people, through the cinema, of marginalized populations. The research adopts an empirical approach to map the uses of these concepts in the brazilian documentary cinema, through an analytical clipping about works with ethno-social themes. Thus, it seeks to identify how the social constitution affects the cinematographic discourses? What kinds of approaches to utterances appear in documentaries? How do these films access what is public, private or intimate of individuals in their daily lives? How do they build the identity of the people on the screen? What are the modes of reality representation used in movies? How can the documentary give social visibility to marginalized individuals and cultures through a discursive approach? For this analysis the archaeological method of Michel Foucault will be used to analyze the discourses.