Título: | STUDY ON THE SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION AND ELEMENTAL BIOCHEMICAL DETOXIFICATION IN TWO DOLPHIN SPECIES FROM THE BRAZILIAN SOUTHEAST | ||||||||||||
Autor: |
FERNANDA MONTEIRO QUEIROZ |
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Colaborador(es): |
TATIANA DILLENBURG SAINT PIERRE - Orientador RACHEL ANN HAUSER DAVIS - Coorientador |
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Catalogação: | 24/MAR/2020 | Língua(s): | PORTUGUESE - BRAZIL |
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Tipo: | TEXT | Subtipo: | THESIS | ||||||||||
Notas: |
[pt] Todos os dados constantes dos documentos são de inteira responsabilidade de seus autores. Os dados utilizados nas descrições dos documentos estão em conformidade com os sistemas da administração da PUC-Rio. [en] All data contained in the documents are the sole responsibility of the authors. The data used in the descriptions of the documents are in conformity with the systems of the administration of PUC-Rio. |
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Referência(s): |
[pt] https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/projetosEspeciais/ETDs/consultas/conteudo.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=47222&idi=1 [en] https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/projetosEspeciais/ETDs/consultas/conteudo.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=47222&idi=2 |
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DOI: | https://doi.org/10.17771/PUCRio.acad.47222 | ||||||||||||
Resumo: | |||||||||||||
One of the ways to detect environmental contamination is by analyzing
biochemical responses, or biomarkers, in sentinel species tissues, such as marine
mammals, as these animals act as bioindicators of ocean health and their respective
trophic chains. Porpoises (Pontoporia blainvilei) and rough-toothed dolphins
(Steno bredanensis) present long-life expectancy and are at the top of the food chain
and are, therefore, considered appropriate environmental contamination indicators.
In this study, environmental contamination by metals and metalloids, both non
essential and essential, was assessed by means of inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry (ICP-MS), as well as their distribution in different subcellular
fractions, obtained from differential extraction processes analysis, in P. blainvilei
and S. bredanensis liver, kidney and muscle samples of individuals sampled from
in the Lakes and Northern Fluminense regions, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. In
addition, the induction of both metallothionein (MT) and reduced glutathione
(GSH) considered response proteins to this type of contamination, were also
assessed by spectrophotometry in the UV-visible region. No significant difference
between MT concentrations in the three analyzed tissues were noted for both
species. This was also observed for GSH in P. blainvilei. However, a significant
difference was observed between liver and muscle GSH in S. bredanensis, and, as
expected, liver concentrations were higher as this is a metabolically active and main
detoxification organ. In P. blainvilei, metals like as Al, As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb e Ti
were present in high concentrations in the thermolabile and thermostable fractions
of all evaluated tissues, indicating that a significant portion of these analytes is
being detoxified by complexation with MT or other proteins and non-enzymatic
compounds. Some metals, such as Ag, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Se, Sn e Zn although
detected, were present mostly in the insoluble fraction, indicating that the preferred
detoxification pathways of these elements in this species are probably not
performed through MT. In S. bredanensis, Al and Cr were also detected in the
insoluble fraction. Regarding the total concentrations of these metals, high levels
for most analytes were observed in S. bredanensis liver, kidney and muscle. Several
statistically significant correlations between toxic and essential elements were
observed in the liver and muscle of both species for all subcellular fractions, through
a principal component analysis. In addition, some protective effects were postulated
against toxic elements, evaluated from molar ratios calculations. Different profiles
were observed for metalloproteins contained in the thermostable fraction of these
individuals, using high efficiency chromatography coupled to ICP-MS (HPLC-
ICP-MS), indicating metal and metalloid accumulation in the analyzed tissues,
possible disturbance of elemental homeostasis and attempts to detoxify toxic metals
by several metalloproteins.
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