This thesis is part of a set of researches focusing on the historical constitution of school subjects. The object of study is the setting of teaching Social Studies in Brazil, between the decades of 1930 and 1970, considering two main contexts in which it was discussed and/or deployed. Inside are the perspectives defended by Carlos Miguel Delgado de Carvalho, between the decades of 1930 and 1960, and Raimundo Valnir Cavalcante Chagas, one of the formulators of the educational policy along the years of military dictatorship (1964-1985). The intention is to comprehend the continuities and ruptures between these two approaches. The proposal is justified through a predominance of works that analyze Social Studies separately or as the creation of a given historical period – especially during the military dictatorship – without a care in considering the different occasions by which this school discipline went through. Social Studies were introduced in Brazil in 1930 from its integration as school discipline at the school of Escola de Professores do Instituto de Educação do Distrito Federal and the publication of Programa de Ciências Sociais (1934) by the Instituto de Pesquisas Educacionais, directed by Delgado de Carvalho. Both actions are inspired by the Progressive Education movement, especially in the educational philosophy of John Dewey, and were developed under the leadership of Anísio Teixeira, to the head of the Department of education of Federal District. In the following decades, different experiences of Social Studies teaching are implemented, like Ginásios Vocacionais and the Federal Council of Education suggestion for it to be considered a minor discipline from 1962 on. In 1971, during the process of reforming the teaching in Primary and Secondary Education, by Advisor Valnir Chagas, a radical change was undertaken, as from an indicative and experimental proposal, it has become a compulsory subject, replacing History and Geography in Primary Education. Therefore, this thesis focuses on understanding: by which continuities and ruptures the Social Studies passed in its deployment and maintenance in Brazilian education The hypothesis is that, in spite of the different interpretations, the appropriation made from the American perspective influenced both educators, changing contexts and intentions. It is a merge of theoretical references in the history of the school subjects and the history of History teaching. It is a historical documentary research, whose primary sources are articles, books and opinions written by Delgado de Carvalho and Valnir Chagas. The methodology adopted is the text analysis, which proposes to understand the work of authors in relation to their historical, educational, political and social context, as well as the intellectual paradigms that have guided them (Ciro Cardoso e Ronaldo Vainfas). The documentary analysis indicates, among other aspects, that until the 1960 s, the function of each school subject, especially History and Geography, was important in the definition of Social Studies, something that ceased to occur from the reforms of military dictatorship. Currently, Social Studies have become a simple fusion of disciplines and the compilation of geographical-historical contents, meeting under the same discipline. The intentions have also changed: the formation of a critical student and citizen turned to a student s training as a factor of stability and security for his own self, to society and the State.