This study analyzes the interaction between Theology and Education in the activities and procedures of Catholic schools. With this objective, the study was carried out in Catholic schools with theologians amongst their staff or acting as consultants for a period of time. The principal focus was in understanding how a university graduate with a Theology degree is perceived. A related interest was in finding out whether the theme of pastoral schooling, grounded in the Theology of Liberation and emphasizing education for justice and freedom, is still a potent force, 35 years after its initiation, or has become obsolete. In order to achieve this objective, interviews were conducted with the headmasters, the teachers of religious studies and the theologians who work in these Catholic schools. School documents, such as the political-pedagogic project, rules and norms etc., were also analyzed. The study shows that new themes have been developed by Catholic schools wanting to develop pastoral work, including religious pluralism, secularism and the new family structure. The conclusion of the study is that Theology, through the figure of the university graduate with a bachelors degree in Theology, has a lot to contribute to the new problems faced by Catholic schools. Theologians, acting in the schools studied, have maintained a permanent dialogue with pedagogic themes, thus facilitating the construction of a real educational community. This leads us to believe in the fruitfulness of a dialogue between Theology and Education.