The research in subject aims to operate an epistemological analysis of Modernity. Making use of Thomas Samuel Kuhns terminology, it tries to demonstrate how the knowledge resulted from natural sciences acquires, in the modern period, hegemonic and paradigmatic character, determining then even the development of political and social thought. It is established, thus, a relationship of methodological dependence, insomuch that the current crisis of modern scientific-natural paradigm turns non-postponable the revision of the own epistemic statute of social sciences. The challenge, however, consists in overcoming deficiencies of the obsolete paradigm without abandoning fundamental acquisitions provided by it, having, for this purpose, Edgar Morins and Boaventura de Souza Santos theories crucial role.