This research has the purpose to understand which are the limits and relations between the social problem and the environmental issues, considering that the conflicts around the urban and the city dilemmas are related with the preservation of nature, putting a challenge about the citizenship and social politics that goes to another directions from the capitalism. The object of this dissertation is centered on the construction about the debate of what characterizes a Social-environmental politic, not only as a category, but analyzing the practical meaning by the EcoBarreiras project, from the government of Rio de Janeiro.