Cognitive radio is a technology that aims to share the radio spectrum between licensed primary users and other secondary users in a harmonious way without causing interference that prevent the services provision and aiming at an improvement in the efficiency in the use of the radioelectric spectrum, which is a resource increasingly scarce. In the scope of the research related to this dissertation, a performance evaluation scheme of cognitive radio detectors is constructed and implemented in GNU Radio, the energy detector is constructed, and computational simulations and tests are implemented through two USRPs to evaluate the performance of the detector created, targeting the requirements of the IEEE 802.22 standard.