With approximately 13 percent of the surface water resources of the planet, Brazil still suffers from supply problems in their main cities, and the major reasons are: the location of springs in relation to population served and degradation of water bodies in these areas. Currently over 50 percent of the world population lives in urban areas, and the expectation is that by 2050 reaching 70 percent (UN-Habitat, 2008). Although it is not exclusive of the cities are especially them, these problems have higher impacts, and therefore turn out to be aggravated from a trend of the 21st century: the concentration of population in urban centers. Meanwhile, cities gradually became the focus of environmental debates, due to its increasing expansion, result of the displacement of populations who seek them the infrastructure, facilities and opportunities not found in rural areas. This way the sustainability of urban areas is emerging as one of the challenges to be faced by all of society, and more specifically in the case of water resources in Brazil by its governing bodies, watershed committees that are formed by representatives of organized civil society, government and users. Brazilian law regarding the environment was structured from the opening policy in the late 70s. So from this new conjecture, environmental legislation gradually set up, and with regard to water resources there were two notable moments: the definition of water as a public good by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the creation of the Federal Policy of Water Resources, by law 9433/97. By instituting the watershed committees as responsible for the management of river basins, began a new phase in water management in Brazil.