The goal of this research is to understand the fundamental relationship between the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Educacionais (INEP) and the public policies of Military Government through 1968-1970. We consider as an examplar expression of this relationship the project called Operação-Escola, proposed as part of the Programa Estratégico do Desenvolvimento (PED), gestated inside the Ministério do Planejamento e Coordenação Geral (MINIPLAN) and executed by INEP. We intend to characterize thenetwork stablishedbetween the Ministério do Planejamento and the Ministério da Educação because of this program, which mobilized important sectors of both institutions related to these organs, such as the INEP and the Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas Aplicadas (IPEA). Those institutions have configured a relationship network and a circulation of power that, as a result of the political configuration of the Military Government, also brought to them new sets of directions and perspectives for the Brazilian Government s economical planning during the period (especially between the years of 1968 and 1970). We set out from an analysis of documents on the above project, elaborated by these organs, and from these documents we seek to characterize the Brazilian Educational Policy in this context of the deepening of the contradictions inherent to the peripheric-dependent capitalist model followed by Brazil at this time. As some of the results, we emphasized: a) the inflexion of perspective on political and technical performances by INEP; and b) the clash within this two sectors of the Brazilian State, between different conceptions of Education and Development.