This study aims to analyze the relationship between conflict of the great and the people and political freedom brought by this. Therefore, initially, a study of how Machiavelli understands the virtu and fortune will be made. After, we will examine how Machiavelli thinks about ethics, religion, morality, policy, guns, freedom and equality. Once dissected the this basic assumptions, the study will analyze the theory of humors, that starts with the maximum that people do not want to be dominated and oppressed, while the great wish exactly to dominate and oppress them. After that, the study proceeds about how were the Conflict of Cities, beginning with the Roman model, Florence model, the model of Sparta and Venice. After established the bases of his thought, this work will demonstrate that the resulting law of conflict between the great and the people generates the freedom of all political body.