This dissertation focuses on the analysis of the goals implicit in the different offers of treatment for drug users, administered by the government in the city of Rio de Janeiro - where a practice is dedicated exclusively to children and adolescents in street situation. The approach to the phenomenon, that is, the experience of children and adolescents living on the streets, from the 1980s, and the prohibition on drugs regarded as illegal, are also intensified during this period, comprising two important points of analysis for contextualizing the theme discussed. The analysis of the growing prohibition and criminalization of drugs considered illicit (production, cultivation, consumption and sale), in the course of the twentieth century, pointed at economic, geo-economic and geopolitical roots, that make up the question. The occurrence of illicit drug use by children and adolescents living on the streets (and various other issues that derive from this) generates a situation of increasing criminalization and social accountability of these actors. As part of the scope of the discourse that strengthens the criminalization of drugs and all social actors that somehow relate to these, in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, two contradictory practices of treatment offer coexist. The practical implementation of the Protocol guidelines (Protocolo Especializado de Abordagem Social – Specialized Protocol of Social Approach), issued by the government of the city of Rio de Janeiro, and the concurrent implementation of treatment guidelines of the National Mental Health present contradictions and express the correlation of forces of social projects in conflict in society. Consultations were held with professionals and scholars in order to compose the analysis of the concepts of the two treatment practices of drug use, as well as the particularities of these when directed to children and adolescents in street situation presented in this Dissertation. To compose an analysis of concepts two treatment practices of drug use, and the particularities of these when directed to children and adolescents in street situation presented in this Dissertation, we conducted interviews with practitioners and scholars of the subject, by the application of semi-structured questionnaires. The research, a qualitative approach was approved by the Research Ethics Board of PUC - Rio, and authorization of respondents was previously requested.