The growth of the service sector and the perceived increase in the use and benefits of the Toyota Production System, specifically in the health sector, motivated the development of this dissertation. The aim of the work is focused on identifying the application of concepts and tools of lean thinking in healthcare services and to evaluate the potential performance gains and improvements for the sector. To achieve this goal, first we used a method of searching the literature on the Toyota Production System and on health services. Then, reported cases of applying lean this area, characterized in the literature as lean Health Care, were mapped and studied. As a result, it was possible to identify the existence of the consolidated cases of application of lean practices in various countries. Moreover, it was possible to list results in significant performance improvements analyzed cases. In conclusion, it was possible to realize a genuine use of the principles and was considered relevant, but not restrictive, the need for adaptation of those. Finally, the Lean Healthcare has a great potential to contribute to a better performance of companies in the healthcare sector.