According to the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade, China led in the last five years the footwear Brazilian market for imports, representing 70percent of total imports. Brazil has been recording declines in footwear exports; in 2011 there was an average reduction of 21.5 percent compared to 2010. Thus, Brazil has moved to the eighth position in the export market. Moreover, Asians have been improving the quality and technological level of their footwear for some niche markets. Its known that the introduction of new technologies, quality controls and indicators allow adding value to local production arrangements in Brazil, making them more competitive. In this dissertation, a study on the use of Radioscopy to improve the quality control of Brazilian footwear is presented. This technique brings innovation to the footwear Brazilian market, since it is a non-destructive making use of X-ray. This technique is already used by some international industries, aiming at the identification of foreign bodies, control jumps, and other items of the footwear. This study culminated in the proposal of a methodology for the application of Radioscopy in the improvement of quality control of footwear production, employing concepts of Technical Analysis of the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), answering the main question of this study: how to improve the industrial quality control by applying the technique of Radioscopy in the production of Brazilian footwear?