This dissertation discusses two distinct representations of Iberia, illustrated in brazilian social thought, from the debate between Simon Schwartzman and Richard Morse, due to the occasion of the book release of the latter, O Espelho de Próspero. It is understood that the representation of a society is marked by a discourse constructed about it. The comprehension of how divergent discourses compete with each other, allied to the perspective that discourse is constructed and works as an instrument of power, will be able to enrich the debate of our everbuilding identity, producing a richer understanding about ourselves.