This research sought to investigate how the recent changes experienced in the world of work, especially since the 1990s, brought consequences in the context of Brazilian National Defense Policy for the workers of the aviation maintenance sector of the Brazilian Air Force (FAB). To this end, we conducted a study with the FAB’s aircraft maintenance sector workers in order understand how the working relationships are being established in this military strategic space. To this end, at first we proceeded the identification of the specifics of the work in the FAB’s maintenance sector as a necessary step to comprehend a sector that is different from others in the institutional context of the public services. To accomplish this necessary approach to the universe of the FAB’s military mechanics, it was necessary also to reflect on the trajectory of changes that occurred in the military sector in the past two decades. In this sense, the research sought to understand the reality of the work in the military aviation maintenance sector in the context of the productive restructuration of the Brazilian State and the establishment of new ways of management of the national defense. Likewise, the survey indicated that, in Brazil, the demands from the defense policy, especially the National Defense Strategy, are not matched by the necessary investments, which brings additional challenges to the development of the activities of the workers in the FAB’s aircraft maintenance sector.