This study is a reflection on the challenges for the realization of the rights contained in public policy aimed at adolescents who have mental impairments, and which are under socio-in open (probation and community service) as opposed to that regulates the National Socio-Educational Services. Retrieves the beginning of the process of municipalization of childcare in the open environment, in a given area in the northern city of Rio de Janeiro and reflects on the social support of adolescents under social assistance. It was the basis for analysis of the paradigm shift to social educational approach and consolidation of the Child and Adolescent Statute highlighting the construction of a practice of monitoring and implementing actions of intersectorial and interdisciplinary care in adolescents.