Numerical modeling is a valuable tool in the evaluation and prediction of structural behavior from given experimental data. This work presents a study of some problems of identification of structural systems. The main objective is the computer evaluation and interpretation of structural parameters from the results of non-destructive mechanical tests.Algorithms were developed and coded, in different computational formats, to treat this problem.The development is applicable to any type of structure modeled by finite elements. Examples presented in this work are sets of masses and springs, beams in pane bending, beams in bending and torsion, arches, frames and trusses. The determination of stiffness and mass terms, from local and global information on displacements, strains and frequencies, is discussed. The studies indicate that, using the numerical techniques developed herein, it is possible to determine a location and magnitude of damages occurred in structures, from the static or dynamic response data, resorting to limited information on the response of the undamaged structure. Such techniques were extended to the evaluation of stresses and loadings, by taking into account effects of geometric nonlinearity. Criteria for design of experiments are presented, which allow for maximum sensitivity and minimum correlation of the structural parameters under concern.Several examples are presented to illustrate the theoretical and numerical techniques developed herein.