Since the 1970’s the logistics issues of soybean production chain in Brazilian central-west region began to display relevance on the national scene. In the beginning of the year 2000 the Brazilian government showed it’s concern by developing an structural plan aimed at characterizing the several possibilities for connecting Brazil to it’s importers by land and by rivers. This plan was launched in 2001 and predicts a reevaluation in 2015. Having passed exactly half this period, this paper intends to analyze how the transportation of the soybean produced in the state of Mato Grosso is benefiting form the plan. One goal is to identify the importance of railways and the advancements achieved by the implementation of the Brazilian government s plan from the perspective of the production chain actors. Furthermore, it was attempted to identify the barriers to the transportation of the region s production. The research has a qualitative nature, having been conducted with secondary data and interviews with different links from the production chain. A revision of the concept of logistics and its applicability in forming physical distribution patterns was endeavored and revealed the need to diversify the production s means of transportation. The predominant model of transportation by road is, not only more expensive, but also full of barriers in consequence of the lack of maintenance. Nevertheless, the implementation of the government plan, with the expansion of the railways, is still incipient.