The main goal of this thesis is to discuss Alceu Amoroso Lima´s intellectual trajectory, specially in what concerns to his literary life. We have tried to understand the Brazilian catholic context from the beginning of the twenty-first century, the political relations between the Catholic Church and the State, the religious press and the mission practiced by the catholic intellectuals in rechristianize the country. The critical analysis done by Alceu had some relevance in this work, pointing out the presuppositions, theories and the contribution to the debate about the Brazilian Modernism.